cartelera familiar: August 2020

Monday, August 31, 2020

BASICS OF METASPLOIT – BASIC COMMANDS OF METASPLOIT

Metasploit is an advanced hacking tool that comes itself with a complete lack of advanced penetration testing tools. Penetration testers and hackers are taking so much advantage of this tool. It's a complete hack pack for a hacker that he can play almost any attack with it. Here I am going to discuss the basics of Metasploit. I am not covering attacks in this article, as I am just making sure to share the basics of Metasploit and basic commands of Metasploit. So, we can get back to cover attacks of Metasploit in the next articles.

BASICS OF METASPLOIT

The Metasploit framework has three types of working environments.

msfconsole
msfcli interface
msfweb interface

However, the most preferred and used is the 'msfconsole'. It's a very efficient command-line interface that has its own set of commands and system's working environment.

First of all, it's most important to know and understand all the useful commands of Metasploit that are going to be used.

BASIC COMMANDS OF METASPLOIT

Metasploit have a huge number of command that we can use in different type of attacks, but I am just going to share the most used and useful commands here that a beginner can easily understand and follow 'em.

help (It will give the basic commands you need to launch an exploit.
search (Finds out the keywords in the selected attack method).
show exploits (Shows list of an available exploit in the selected option).
show payloads (It lists all the payloads available).
show options (It helps you to know all the options if you might have forgotten one).
info (This is used to get information about any exploit or payload).
use (It tells Metasploit to use the exploit with the specified name).
set RHOST (Sets the address of specified remote host).
set RPORT (Sets up a port that connects to on the remote host).
set PAYLOAD (It sets the payload that gives you a shell when a service is exploited).
set LPORT (Sets the port number that the payload will open on the server when an exploit is exploited).
exploit (It actually exploits the service).
rexploit (Reloads your exploit code and then executes the exploit without restarting the console).

These are the most used Metasploit commands which come in handy in most of the situations during any sort of attack. You must give all the commands a try and understand 'em how it works and then move to the next part of designing an attack.

More information

Tricks To Bypass Device Control Protection Solutions

Preface

As I wrote in a previous blog post, I had an engagement last year where my task was to exfiltrate data from a workstation on some sort of storage media. The twist in that task was Lumension Sanctuary Device Control, and the version was 4.3.2, but I am not sure how newer version work and this seems to be a more general problem with device control solution, for example with Symantec products.

But what is a device control solution? In short, they audit I/O device use and block the attempts to use unauthorized devices. This includes hardware such as USB, PS/2, FireWire, CD/DVD so basically every I/O port of a computer. In my opinion, these are pretty good things and they offer a better looking solution than de-soldering the I/O ports from the motherboards or hot-gluing them, but on the other hand, they can be bypassed.

Bypass

OK, so what is the problem? Well the way these device control solutions work is that they load a few kernel drivers to monitor the physical ports of the machine. However... when you boot up the protected computer in safe mode, depending on the device control solution software, some of these drivers are not loaded (or if you are lucky, none of those modules will be loaded...) and this opens up the possibility to exfiltrate data.

In theory, if you have admin (SYSTEM maybe?) privileges, you might as well try to unload the kernel drivers. Just do not forget, that these device control solutions also have a watchdog process, that checks the driver and automatically loads it back if it is unloaded, so look for that process and stop or suspend it first.

In my case with the Lumension Sanctuary Device Control, I have found that when I boot the Workstation protected by the device control software in Safe Mode where, software's key logger protection module is not running... so I was still unable to use a USB stick, or a storage media, but I could plug in a keyboard for example...hmmm :)

As some of you probably already figured it out, now it is possible to use a pre-programmed USB HID, for example a Teensy! : ) I know about three different project, that uses this trick like these two mentioned in a Hackaday post, or this one. Unfortunately, the site ob-security.info no longer seems to be available (well, at least it is no longer related to infosec :D ), but you can still find the blog post and the files with the Wayback Machine.

For the hardware part, the wiring of the Teensy and the SD card adaptor is the same as I showed in the post on Making a USB flash drive HW Trojan or in the Binary deployment with VBScript, PowerShell or .Net csc.exe compiler post, so I will not copy it here again.

I have to note here that there are other ways to bypass these device control solutions, like the method what Dr. Phil Polstra did with the USB Impersonator, which is basically looks for an authorized device VID/PID and then impersonates that devices with the VID/PID.

Mitigation

Most probably, you will not need safe mode for the users, so you can just disable it... I mean, it is not that easy, but luckily there is a great blog post on how to do that. BTW, the first page of the post is for Windows XP, but you are not using XP anymore, aren't you? ;)

Alternatively, as I mentioned at the beginning, you might as well use some physical countermeasure (de-soldering/hot-gluing ports). That shit is ugly, but it kinda works.

Conclusion

Next time you will face a device control solution, try out these tricks, maybe they will work, and if they do, well, that's a lot of fun. :)

But don't get me wrong, these device control solutions and similar countermeasures are a good thing and you should use something like this! I know that they make doing business a bit harder as you are not able to plugin whatever USB stick you want, but if you buy a pile of hardware encrypted flash drives, and only allow those to be plugged in, you are doing it right ;)

Sunday, August 30, 2020

macSubstrate - Tool For Interprocess Code Injection On macOS

macSubstrate is a platform tool for interprocess code injection on macOS, with the similar function to Cydia Substrate on iOS. Using macSubstrate, you can inject your plugins (.bundle or .framework) into a mac app (including sandboxed apps) to tweak it in the runtime.

All you need is to get or create plugins for your target app.
No trouble with modification and codesign for the original target app.
No more work after the target app is updated.
Super easy to install or uninstall a plugin.
Loading plugins automatically whenever the target app is relaunched.
Providing a GUI app to make injection much easier.

Prepare

Disable SIP
Why should disable SIP

System Integrity Protection is a new security policy that applies to every running process, including privileged code and code that runs out of the sandbox. The policy extends additional protections to components on disk and at run-time, only allowing system binaries to be modified by the system installer and software updates. Code injection and runtime attachments to system binaries are no longer permitted.

Usage

download macSubstrate.app, put into /Applications and launch it.
grant authorization if needed.
install a plugin by importing or dragging into macSubstrate.
launch the target app.
step 3 and step 4 can be switched
Once a plugin is installed by macSubstrate, it will take effect immediately. But if you want it to work whenever the target app is relaunched or macOS is restarted, you need to keep macSubstrate running and allow it to automatically launch at login.
uninstall a plugin when you do not need it anymore.

Plugin
macSubstrate supports plugins of .bundle or .framework, so you just need to create a valid .bundle or .framework file. The most important thing is to add a key macSubstratePlugin into the info.plist, with the dictionary value:

Key	Value
`TargetAppBundleID`	the target app's `CFBundleIdentifier`, this tells macSubstrate which app to inject.
`Description`	brief description of the plugin
`AuthorName`	author name of the plugin
`AuthorEmail`	author email of the plugin

Please check the demo plugins demo.bundle and demo.framework for details.

Xcode Templates
macSubstrate also provides Xcode Templates to help you create plugins conveniently:

ln -fhs ./macSubstratePluginTemplate ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/Templates/macSubstrate\ Plugin
Launch Xcode, and there will be 2 new plugin templates for you.

Security

SIP is a new security policy on macOS, which will help to keep you away from potential security risk. Disable it means you will lose the protection from SIP.
If you install a plugin from a developer, you should be responsible for the security of the plugin. If you do not trust it, please do not install it. macSubstrate will help to verify the code signature of a plugin, and I suggest you to scan it using VirusTotal. Anyway, macSubstrate is just a tool, and it is your choice to decide what plugin to install.

Download macSubstrate

Continue reading

HOW TO BECOME A CERTIFIED ETHICAL HACKER

7 Tips to become a hacker?

It is very important for a hacker to learn different types of programming language such as C,C++,Python,Java,PHP etc and it is also necessary to learn hardware and networking for a good hacker because these skill are very useful to become a successful hacker.

1-Programming Language are essential to becoming a good hacker

2-Networking skills is important to becoming an effective hacker.

3-SQL language are essential to becoming an effective hacker

4-Internet surfing is also essential for becoming a hacker for gathering information.

5-Cryptography is essential to becoming a certified hacker from which a hacker can share his/her readable data to other person in a nonreadable form with the help of Cryptography.

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