Friday, May 26, 2023

15 Important Run Commands Every Windows User Should Know

There are several ways to efficiently access the files, folders, and programs in Windows operating system. We can create shortcuts, pin programs to the taskbar, Start menu shortcuts etc. but we can't do it for all programs in many cases. However, the Windows Run Command box is one of the most efficient ways of accessing system programs, folders, and settings.

In this article, I am going to share 15 most important Run commands for Windows users. These commands can make it easier to manage a lot of tasks.
How to open Windows Run command box?
You need to press Win+R (Hold Windows button then Press R)

Important Run Commands Every Windows User Should Know

1. %temp%
This is the fastest way to clear the temporary files from your computer. It can save a lot of space which was being wasted by temporary files.
2. cmd 
This command will open the windows DOS command prompt. Windows command prompt is very useful for performing many tasks which are not possible using graphical user interface.
3. MSConfig
Windows Run Command - MSconfig-compressed
Windows System Configuration
This command will open Windows System Configuration where you can edit different things like the boot options, startup options, services, etc.
4. sysdm.cpl
Windows Run Command - sysdm cpl-compressed
System Properties window
This command will open the System Properties window, Where you can change the system protection and performance related many settings
5. Powershell
Powershell is very similar the command prompt. Just type this command in the Run dialog box, and you will have your PowerShell opened without administrator privileges.
6. perfmon.msc
Windows Run Command - perfmon msc-compressed
Windows System Performance monitor
This command can be used to monitor the performance of your computer. There are plenty of options for monitoring the system performance
7. regedit
Regedit Run command is used to open the Windows Registry. It is a hierarchical database that hosts all the configurations and settings of Windows operating system, it's users and the installed software.
8. \ (Backslash)
This is one of the lesser known Run commands. Just enter the backslash into the Run dialog box and it will open up the C drive. It is one of the quickest ways to access the C drive.
9. . (Dot)
This is yet another lesser known Run command. When executed, it opens the current user's home folder which hosts all the other local folders like the Downloads, Documents, Desktop, Pictures, etc.
10. .. (Double Dots)
When you execute these two dots in the Run dialog box, it will open up the Users folder which is located directly on the C drive
11. Control
This command will open the control panel. Control panel is used for managing all the system settings and programs
12. hdwwiz.cpl
Windows Run Command - hdwwiz-
Windows Device Manager
This command is used to open the Device Manager in Windows. You can manage all the device connected internally or externally to your PC.
13. Notepad
The quickest way to open notepad in Windows. Just type this command in Run Box and hit enter.
14. osk
This command will open On-Screen Keyboard on your display monitor. You can easily touch and type or use your mouse for typing.
15. taskmgr 
This command will open task manager where you can manage all the processes and programs running on Windows Operating system.

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Thursday, May 25, 2023

Vlang Binary Debugging

Why vlang? V is a featured, productive, safe and confortable language highly compatible with c, that generates neat binaries with c-speed, the decompilation also seems quite clear as c code.
https://vlang.io/

After open the binary with radare in debug mode "-d" we proceed to do the binary recursive analysis with "aaaa" the more a's the more deep analys.



The function names are modified when the binary is crafted, if we have a function named hello in a module named main we will have the symbol main__hello, but we can locate them quicly thanks to radare's grep done with "~" token in this case applied to the "afl" command which lists all the symbols.


Being in debug mode we can use "d*" commands, for example "db" for breakpointing the function and then "dc" to start or continue execution.


Let's dissasemble the function with "pD" command, it also displays the function variables and arguments as well, note also the xref "call xref from main"


Let's take a look to the function arguments, radare detect's this three 64bits registers used on the function.


Actually the function parameter is rsi that contains a testing html to test the href extraction algorithm.


The string structure is quite simple and it's plenty of implemented methods.




With F8 we can step over the code as we were in ollydbg on linux.


Note the rip marker sliding into the code.


We can recognize the aray creations, and the s.index_after() function used to find substrings since a specific position.


If we take a look de dissasembly we sill see quite a few calls to tos3() functions.
Those functions are involved in string initialization, and implements safety checks.

  • tos(string, len)
  • tos2(byteptr)
  • tos3(charptr)

In this case I have a crash in my V code and I want to know what is crashing, just continue the execution with "dc" and see what poits the rip register.



In visual mode "V" we can see previous instructions to figure out the arguments and state.


We've located the crash on the substring operation which is something like "s2 := s1[a..b]" probably one of the arguments of the substring is out of bounds but luckily the V language has safety checks and is a controlled termination:



Switching the basic block view "space" we can see the execution flow, in this case we know the loops and branches because we have the code but this view also we can see the tos3 parameter "href=" which is useful to locate the position on the code.



When it reach the substr, we can see the parameters with "tab" command.



Looking the implementation the radare parameter calculation is quite exact.


Let's check the param values:


so the indexes are from 0x0e to 0x24 which are inside the buffer, lets continue to next iteration,
if we set a breakpoint and check every iteration, on latest iteration before the crash we have the values 0x2c to 0x70 with overflows the buffer and produces a controlled termination of the v compiled process.





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So Many Floppies! - Late DOS/Early Windows Era Installations

The CD-ROM format continually promised to make floppy disks obsolete.  First introduced in a usable form in 1986, the CD-ROM's 650MiB capacity was enormous when 1.2MiB 5.25" floppies were largest available removable media at the time and hard drives maxed out at around 50 MiB.  While CD-ROMs were standard equipment on current PCs by 1995 and the principal method for software installation by that year, the PCs reliance on floppy disks for operating system installation lasted for much longer than anyone anticipated.  How long you ask?  Let's find out.

Read more »
You say "obsessed" as if it is a bad thing.
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Wednesday, September 23, 2020

GGDA Meeting At KSU (And SIEGE Volunteer Meeting)

Presentation from Joe Cassavaugh: "How to Survive and Thrive in Game Dev." CGDD students faulty and chair attended.
https://ggda.org/blog/ggda-meeting-sept-10-at-ksu/


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Tuesday, September 22, 2020

PUBG 0.14.0 APK+OBB Download

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Sunday, September 13, 2020

Get Woke Go Broke


Sometimes, that brokeness isn't money, but something intangible... like character, respect, or not being a ridiculous laughingstock.

Kiel "problematic" Chenier may be the latest self-flagellating woke-soldier hip-deep in culture war bullshit, grovelling before the other intolerant leftists, but somehow his failure is more delicious than usual.  Perhaps it's something in the chocolate?

This is Kiel's apologetic post.  It's so cringe that you just have to read it for yourself.  I'm sure the social justice circle-jerk is ready to accept their soiled dove.  "So brave and beautiful."

Kiel appeared on my radar years ago when I asked him to review The Islands of Purple-Haunted Putrescence. He's one of the few gamers who didn't like it.

Then a bit later, he agreed to review Alpha Blue, but then decided not to follow-through because it was too hetero-normative and sexist or some stupid bullshit (yes, hetero-phobia is real).  Yeah, I know.  I'm not allowed to love boobies because I'm a straight white male (actually, za'akier).

This is one of the many reasons why I have zero time for the ENnies.  It's a reflection of the near constant revisionism based on identity politics, virtue signaling, and victim-ology. The ENnies are like the "woke awards", and in my humble opinion, those same radical leftists are trying to ruin this hobby... and the USA.

Privilege does exist.  However, the privilege we have to worry about is entitled first-world busybody saviors and would-be authoritarians with more activism than brains, throwing themselves into perpetual revolution because they're bored, because they are too free, because their lives are too easy.  Deep down, they know they'd actually be more or less satisfied with everything... if not for the gaping void of meaninglessness inside, exposed for all to see.

I desperately hope that November's election is not only a referendum on the Socialist "utopia" ideology ending with the death of freedom and millions of people, but also gamers who believe in being offended on behalf of everybody else, cancel culture, and the destruction of traditional / old-school RPGs.

VS

p.s. That's why I didn't submit Cha'alt for the ENnies.  But you can still get a luxurious hardcover book of your very own.  Ordering details here!

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How To Paint Horses Using The Oil Paint Wipe Method


If you exclude "what are you doing in my back garden dressed as a chicken ?" one of the most common questions I get is how do you paint you horses. The other, how do you do your sea bases will be the subject of the Yarkshire TV treatment soon, however for now here is a video run through of painting horses in oils.


It's quite lengthy (45 mins plus) but I have covered everything, equipment, paints, techniques, figures etc so if you are interested in trying out the oil method give this video a go.


You can get through horses at a fair rate of knots too, any questions just ask.

Questions Answered

On the various formats this video has been posted on there have been a few common questions so to save me posting the same thing on different formats here they are,

How long is the drying time post wipe ?

The drying time post wipe is obviously variable around how much oil you use, room temperature etc but is considerably less than an unwiped figure.

I leave mine a minimum of a week before I start using acrylics for reins, saddle, white markings etc. I would give it a couple of days minimum in a warm room.

The problem area will often be the recesses around the harness as this is where the deepest amount of oil paint sits. If your unsure try a test patch.

It's never a problem for me, the big selling point of this method is speed of painting so I paint in batches of 50 to 100 horses so they sit around sometimes for over a year to be painted.

What are the best colour combinations ?

The first thing I would say on this is that another of the strong points of this method for me is the hundreds of different combinations of colours and the subtle effects you can achieve, even using the same oil colour but with a different consistency will give a different effect so it's very hard to quantify. My top tip is to find stuff out by trial and error.

Golden Rule number one is that the oil paint must be darker than the acrylic base otherwise their will be no contrast

If you want a colour combination to try as a test I would use a Vallejo 70856 Ochre Brown base with a Brown Madder (or Burnt Umber) oil layer.

The darkest oil paint is Vandyke Brown which is almost black. This works best with the dark base coats so try 70814 Burnt Cadmium Red as a base. Others to try are darker browns like 312 (Panzer Aces) Leather Belt, 70983 Flat Earth, 70921 English Uniform, 70879 Green Brown.

Going lighter next up would be Burnt Umber, this is a very dark but slightly redder colour than Vandyke Brown. It works best with dark ochre type colours so Ochre Brown, 70914 Green Ochre 70825 German Pale Brown are good.

In between Burnt Umber and the next colour is Raw Umber, this is a very earthy brown and doesn't have the sheen of other colours, I use it sparingly over German Pale Brown and 70874 USA Tan Earth.

Next lighter are Brown Madder and Brown Transparent Oxide, I have put these two together as they are very similar but give a subtle difference in effect, the transparent oxide being, well more transparent. These are the most versatile colours and work well with the Burnt Umber colours. Go to is Ochre Brown as mentioned above. Also good are 70977 Desert Yellow, 70912 Tan Yellow, 70913 Yellow Ochre.

Finally the lightest Oils Burnt Sienna and Brown Ochre, these only work with quite lighter colours and I sometimes mix a bit of Burnt Umber in to darken them up. Go with Desert Yellow, Tan Yellow, 70847 Dark Sand, Yellow Ochre, 70976 Buff.

Hope that sends you in the right direction. I encourage experimenting with the colours, try some of the light bases like Dark Sand with Brown Madder for example and see if you like it. So long as the oil paint is darker than than the base it will work, you will find the best combinations for your taste.

What consistency of oil paint should I use ?

Paint straight from the tube is too thick, get some distilled turpentine like in the video, put a small amount of oil paint on a none absorbent surface (size of your little finger nail) add a touch of turps to the brush, pick up some oil paint on the brush and mix them together on the surface.

You are looking for a consistency off oil, thin enough to flow easily over the horse and get into all the recesses but thick enough to give a full colour coverage.
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Friday, September 04, 2020

AX-029, Crackpots!

Today's episode is about Crackpots, the Activision game that was the first 2600 game by Dan Kitchen, who went on to make many more (and is still making them!). I hope that you enjoy the episode.

Next on the podcast is Malagai, by Answer Software. If you have this game, I would love to see a photo of it on Facebook or Twitter, see the links below for those. If you have any thoughts on the game, please send them to me at 2600gamebygame@gmail.com by end of day 17 February. Just tell me what you think of it, I will take care of the nuts and bolts of the game. As always, I thank you for listening.

Crackpots on Random Terrain
Crackpots on Atari Protos
Dan Kitchen's web site
Dan Kitchen's Games site
Dan Kitchen interview by Classic Gamer 74
Atari Age thread on Keystone Kapers 2 discovery
Crackpots patch on Digital Press
...and accompanying letter
Crackpots commercial
Jim's Ferg Quest sprite hack
Ryan's Atari Age High Score Showdown post for Crackpots
Wilson Oyama's Crackpots playthrough video
No Swear Gamer 521 - Crackpots
Sean's Autobiography of a Schnook Podcast Chapter 5
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